WORKS ON PAPER
	In the summer of 1912, Manigault made his first trip to Europe, where he spent much of his time viewing Old Master paintings in various museums in London and Paris. Apparently he sought no formal art training while abroad, though he did engage in self-instruction. Letters the artist sent to family members reveal that he focused much effort to mastering watercolor, a medium that he explored only shortly before his visit to the continent. Architectural subjects, in particular grand public buildings and bridges, provided frequent subject matter for this endeavor. Memories of his European trip continued years afterward to inspire his oil and watercolor compositions. In June, 1912, Manigault began painting in watercolor, and continued to do so while abroad. Because of the portability of the medium, Manigault was able to capture the sights and scenes of his foreign surroundings. The only extant watercolor from this trip is Petit Trianon, which illustrates Manigault’s interest in the grand Parisian architecture. Once back in the United States, Manigault also worked in watercolors as studies for larger paintings, such as A Town in France (at right in picture above). In these watercolor preparatory sketches, Manigault played with the perspective and scale of the building, before settling on a composite view for the larger oil painting. While many of his watercolors are now unlocated, Manigault’s record book suggests a sustained commitment to the medium from 1912-16, with sixty-two works produced during that period. After 1916, Manigault experimented with such a vast array of mediums, including ceramics, decorative art, and design projects, that his watercolor production decreased.